CFD modelling of top submerged lance gas injection

Fluid flows are an integral part of many metallurgical processing operations. They affect the viability, effectiveness, and efficiency of many reactors, be they physical or chemical in nature. Gas injection methods are frequently used in modern pyrometallurgy because they allow for high intensity, high throughput processes in relatively small reactors. There are different methods for gas injection into molten baths among which Top Submerged Lance (TSL) technology is a unique Australian invention. It incorporates a submerged vertical lance coupled with an upright cylindrical furnace. Through the lance, oxygen enriched air is injected into the molten bath which provides intense mixing of the bath and excellent contact between phases. Floyd described the details of the Top Submerged Lance technology and its development since the 1970s.