The magnification probability distribution (MPD) is obtained with the ray-bundle method (RBM) for three classes of cold dark matter models: SCDM, OCDM and LCDM. The MPDs are used to place limits on the measurements of q0 from high-redshift standard candles, such as Type Ia Supernovae.
Gravitational Lensing: Recent Progress and Future Goals: Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference on Gravitational Lensing: Recent Progress and Future Goals, Boston, Massachusetts, United States