Elevation perception: phantom images in the vertical hemi-sphere

Listening experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship between loudspeaker locations in the vertical hemi-sphere and elevation perception. Using a standard five-channel reproduction system and two loudspeakers positioned over the vertical hemi-sphere, phantom images were created using inter-channel amplitude differences between loudspeaker pairs. The results were evaluated and used to suggest the most useful loudspeaker locations. This paper describes the methodology employed, presents the test results, makes some initial conclusions and suggests possible further areas for investigation.