This paper is based on an Australian government funded research project looking at the implications of digitization for the book publishing industry, which was completed in 2008. Although Australian-based, the project and subsequent research have wider implications for application elsewhere. The paper initially provides a snapshot of Australian book publishing in a global context, and then summarizes our findings on the current and potential future impact of digital technologies. The original research employed an interpretive research paradigm, using a mixed methodology design, including an online survey of book publishers and the conduct of 14 case studies. Since completion of the project, the pace of technology-related change in book publishing has been addressed in follow-up research, based on a global context. In reporting this new research, the paper discusses in detail the diverse range of technologies, their limitations and the risks and opportunities they offer to the book publishing industry. This includes insights into the business as well as technical issues confronting the industry.