Off-line micro-payment protocol for multiple vendors in mobile commerce

Micro-payment systems have the potential to provide non-intrusive, high-volume and low-cost payas-you-use services for a wide variety of web-based applications. Previously we have developed NetPay, an off-line micro-payment protocol for E-commerce. In this paper we describe a set of extensions, MobileNetPay, optimised for mobile E-commerce. MobileNetPay provides high performance and security using one-way hashing functions for e-coin encryption. Each mobile user's transaction does not involve any broker and double spending is detected during the redeeming transaction. We describe the motivation for MobileNetPay and describe three transactions of the MobileNetPay protocol in detail to illustrate the approach. We then discuss future research on this protocol.