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Biomarkers of the alcohol hangover state: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS)

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posted on 2024-08-06, 11:02 authored by Marlou Mackus, Aurora J.A.E. van de Loo, S. Jorinde Raasveld, Anna Hogewoning, Javier Sastre Toraño, Frits M. Flesch, Gerdien A.H. Korte-Bouws, Renier H.P. van Neer, Xiaochun Wang, Thomas T. Nguyen, Karel A. Brookhuis, Aletta D. Kraneveld, Johan Garssen, Joris VersterJoris Verster
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) as biomarkers of the hangover state. Methods: Thirty-sixhealthy social drinkers participated in this study, being of naturalistic design. Eighteen participants experience regular hangovers (the hangover group), whereas the other 18 claim to not experience a hangover (the hangover-immune group). On a control day (alcohol-free) day and a post-alcohol day, urine EtG and EtS concentrations were determined and hangover severity assessed. Results: Urinary EtG and EtS concentrations were significantly increased on post-alcohol day compared to the control day (p =.0001). Both EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with the overall hangover score, nor with the estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations and number of alcoholic drinks. EtG correlated significantly only with the individual hangover symptom “headache” (p =.033; r =.403). No significant correlations were found with the EtG to EtS ratio. EtG and EtS concentrations significantly correlated with urine ethanol concentrations. Conclusions: Although urine EtG and EtS concentration did not significantly correlate to estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations or the number of alcoholic drinks consumed, a significant correlation was found with urine ethanol concentration. However, urine EtG and EtS concentrations did not significantly correlate with overall hangover severity.

Funding

European Commission

Dutch Research Council

Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment

Trimbos Institute

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ISSN

1099-1077

Journal title

Human Psychopharmacology

Volume

32

Issue

5

Article number

e2624

Pagination

e2624-

Publisher

Wiley

Copyright statement

Copyright © 2017 The Authors. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

Language

eng

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