Fuel Cell Power Management Using Genetic Expression Programming in All-Electric Ships

All-Electric Ships (AESs) are considered as an effective solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions as they provide a better platform to use alternative clean energy sources such as Fuel Cells (FC) in place of fossil fuel. Even though FCs are promising alternative, their response is not fast enough to meet load transients that can occur in ships at sea. Therefore, high-density rechargeable battery storage systems are required to achieve stable operation under such transients. Generally, in such hybrid systems, DC/DC converters are used to interface the FC and battery into the DC-link. This paper presents an intelligent FC power management strategy to improve FC performance at various operating points without employing DC/DC interfacing converters. A hybrid AES driveline model using Genetic Programming (GP) is utilized using Simulink and GeneXProTools4 to formulate operating FC voltage based on the load current, FC air and fuel flow rates. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to adjust air and fuel flow rates to keep the FC voltage within the safe operating range at different power demands. The proposed method maintains FC performance as well as reduces fuel consumption; and thereby ensures the optimal power sharing between the FC and the lithium-ion battery in AES application.