An Integrative Model of Design Thinking

Design thinking is a design-based approach to solving complex problems and creating innovative products and services. This study addresses the confusion arising from multiple versions of design thinking and it contradicts the frequent criticism of superficiality. Interviews with twelve global experts unearthed the deep and complementary foundations of design thinking, proposing an integrative model of design thinking. The model argues that three fundamental principles determine design thinking. These are creation-based, human-centred and system-oriented. Complementary actions and dynamics complete the model. Understanding the common foundations of design thinking enables us to better face today's complex problems.