Assessing the sustainability of groundwater resources in a tropical karstic island (Rote Island, Indonesia)

This study aims to analyse the sustainability of groundwater resources in a tropical karst catchment using groundwater and climate models. Three novel parameterisation approaches and four practical heuristic ratios were conceptualised and constructed to improve the reliability of the groundwater model in calibration and validation steps. Preventive management strategies were recommended to protect the karst spring from contamination. A subsequent comprehensive set of management strategies was then proposed to be implemented to assist the community dealing with water deficit during the dry periods by accounting the long-term impacts of climate variability on groundwater recharge and discharge at the spring.