Designing ecologically just cities: Enhancing the multifunctionality of nature-based solutions

This research explores the integration of ecological justice and nature-based solutions (NBS). As actions that protect, restore, enhance, and harness urban ecosystems to address societal challenges, such as climate change and health, NBS are framed under a human-centered approach, which tends to overlook the lives and needs of other species and ecosystems. Ecological justice provides a theoretical framework for including nonhuman living beings and systems to guide urban planning and design. A mixed-methods research approach that included a systematic literature review, the development of a mapping methodology to map injustices in Melbourne and New York City, and qualitative data from in-depth interviews, helped us create a framework of ecological injustice typologies and nature-based actions as a roadmap for implementing nature-based urbanism.