Environmental assessment of urban freight decarbonisation interventions using an integrated life cycle assessment and simulation modelling approach

<p dir="ltr">This thesis uses life cycle assessment, traffic simulation, and truck operator surveys to study how vehicle technology, energy sources, automation, and policy influence urban freight emissions. It compares diesel, electric, and hydrogen trucks in different energy mix scenarios to find which options best reduce environmental impact over time. The research also looks at how on-board artificial intelligence changes emissions, driving performance, and energy use. The results offer practical guidance for governments and the freight industry to choose technologies and energy strategies that lower emissions while maintaining efficient deliveries.</p>