Future Weir Water Level Forecasting using Novel Neural Network Considering Climate Change Impacts

This research developed two novel neural network models, Salp Swarm Optimisation Neural Network (SSONN) and Whale Optimisation Neural Network (WONN), to predict daily water level at Batu Kitang Submersible Weir accurately. Using data from 2001 to 2021, these novel models significantly outperformed conventional neural network models in short-term forecasting. The study also extended to predict long-term water level up to 2100, emphasizing the need for improved water management strategies to address potential flooding risks due to climate change. This work enhanced water resource planning and flood mitigation, offering robust tools for future environmental management.