Identifying mechanisms where the addition of carbon to the negative active material maintains dynamic charge acceptance

When traditional lead-acid batteries are used in hybrid electric vehicles they suffer from a shortened lifespan. While some carbon added to the negative electrode can alleviate this issue, it does not completely solve it. The research conducted found that a high electrolyte concentration within the negative electrode reduced the charge efficiency of the battery during operation. The research also indicated that the carbon additives improve the charge efficiency by inhibiting the movement of electrolyte into the negative electrode. The findings serve as a basis for future lead-acid battery research and may serve to make hybrid electric vehicles more viable.