Investigation of expansive soil for design of light residential footings in Melbourne

Expansive soils are found in most Australian states. In fact, it is estimated that 20% of surface soils in Australia are categorized as moderate to highly expansive clays. Quaternary basalt clays generally exhibit expansive characteristics and are commonly found in the Western part of Victoria. These expansive soils undergo heave and settlement due to moisture changes. Such ground movements are capable of creating differential movement in footings which results in cracks and damage to light structures. Recently, it has been reported that more than 5000 houses experienced damage in Victoria due to changes in soil moisture caused by extreme climate events. Since the climate condition is the natural cause of soil moisture changes, it must be considered in the design stage of relevant structures.