Modelling of batteries in electric vehicles

Electric vehicles can be considered an ideal solution for transportation as they are pollutant free and independent of petroleum. Of all cell chemistries, Lithium-ion batteries are the best candidate for energy storage systems in EVs due to their high specific energy, high power and high discharge capacity. Despite the rapid growth of Li-ion applications Li-ion batteries suffer from poor performance in different conditions, highly temperature dependent and temperature affects several aspects of the batteries: charge acceptance, power and energy capability and life. There is thus an urgent need to explore Li-ion battery and battery pack performance to understand their performance.