Topology Optimization of Photonic Crystals and Topological Insulators

<p dir="ltr">This research develops a systematic method to generate photonic crystals, which are periodic microstructures that can control light. Using advanced optimization algorithm, smooth two-dimensional designs with improved ability to block or guide light are created. These designs are then used to build special materials called photonic topological insulators, which can trap and direct energy in highly controlled ways. The outcomes provide a systematic path for creating new light-controlling structures, with potential benefits for future technologies such as energy-efficient devices, sensors, and faster communication systems.</p>